Bolun's "Theory of the Leisure Class"

The economy and the leisure class, classical economists have in fact been to explore. In their works, the human being portrayed as a group of rational people, to survive in the competition, some up to the peak, some people sink to the bottom, can be successful on the full enjoyment of their wealth and leisure, losers as a result of their own incompetence And to put up with poverty, it is very reasonable. All Bolun view was that this little concept of human reason, he will to some extent, the negative social forces are bound together for the sake of "rational self-control operation of the cross", he does not believe that leisure is more work than people would like to see . He visited the American Indian way of life, and other ethnic minorities, found that the original simple economy, it seems that there is absolutely no question of the leisure class in this society, survival is the cost of labor, everyone must work No matter what their nature, neither as a social inferior. This original national economy and the internal driving force rather than profit and loss considerations, but rather a natural professionalism and a kind of elder care for future generations. Everyone is trying to contribute their share in the day-to-day work to get ahead, lazy (spare) would not be blamed, but it will not win the respect of society.

Bolun who also noted that another pre-industrial society, that is ancient Iceland, Japan shogunate community. This society, there is a marked the leisure class, but class is not idle lazy, but the community's most busy people, but their work is predatory, with their cunning or force to Plunder of wealth, by itself, does not work or work skills. Although the community what is taken from the leisure class, but did not contribute to any productive services for return, but their acts have the acquiescence of the community. Because they are well-off society enough to support them a non-productive class, and the practices of martial spirit and make people very highly of this class, this class is not only regarded as parasites, but can be as And the strong.

In this case, people's attitude towards work will be of great change. The activities of the leisure class that is using force to gain wealth is considered an honor to the community and respected. On the other hand, rely on the laboring poor workers but despised by society. Since Adam Smith since the classical economists have always thought that despise labor is human nature, and Bolun who think that this is the human way of life in the spirit of plunder fallen under the influence of a performance, as a Chongshang Wu and looting of the society, No respect for human labor.

Bolun who look forward to continue to extend his modern life to see the evil of human genetic old. Modern society, the leisure class to change its occupation, to improve its methods, but its goal ─ ─ no matter which specializes in the work of plunder but also the same, different from the past is the past, specifically to seek and woman or their Spoils of war, and now is starting to replace the pursuit of money and wealth accumulation, and the show of wealth or luxury has become very extravagant Indians hung in a tent on the scalp of modern people like this. The leisure class is not only a copy of the old habits of plunder, looting of their personal power is still much the same as in the past era of social esteem. Where Bolun analysis of the causes of this situation: "In order to be respected in society, a person must achieve a certain standard of wealth over; early as the first class of predatory, savage tribes must be addressed in Physical strength, cunning and skills standards. "Similarly, in modern society, everyone must serve to force, in order to win other people's fear, and in this kind of" force "of the race, all engaged in non-predatory Work, often low-conscious.

Any contribution Bolun not end there, he's just not very modern people on the uncivilized barbarians of the view that not only the leisure class of the existing reality, but also hinted that the cohesion of a social nature. Because of earlier economists did not say very clearly when the social composition of the class interests of the major differences, in the end is what social forces are bound together, according to the Marxist class struggle point of view, when the proletariat without compromise , What is the strength of the resolution revolution? Where Bolun on this issue given its own unique answer. In his view, the lower class and upper class is not a tit-for-tat, they are subject to a kind of invisible but very solid common attitude: the working class does not attempt to replace their managers, they just try to imitate them. They are the default, they work more than the masters of their work or "decent" is much more. But their purpose is not to get rid of the higher class, but managed to allow themselves to be of a higher class. It is this mentality, so to maintain social stability in the balance.

Bolun where the rich study of social behavior is quite spicy, "Theory of the Leisure Class" is to focus on the rich as a result of their own wealth and have a sense of superiority, as well as to show off their own advantage and to take various actions written. Bolun who believe that the 19th century, affluent class is the biggest problem with the structure of non-performing, the overall ethos of the rich people are ridiculous. The rich to show off their wealth in order to show their superiority, and only two things he can achieve this, a lot of a large number of leisure and consumption. Everyone in the effort to be the work of the World, a large number of leisure is the only rich people can be caused by unusual characteristics: the rich may need to own, but their women can enjoy leisure, and shown that they are different Identity. They spend a great deal of time, always stressed that the purchase of goods paid by the high "price" to enhance the impression, and the purchase of appreciation is very vulgar. At the same time, a lot of wealth to be spent on "functional entertainment" ─ ─ food, drink and all kinds of sexual relations. However, a person's diet have some fun while they are on the physiological limits, such limits apply to the same sex. Experienced a certain time, overeating gradually no longer appreciated, it has become the subject of criticism, also, at one time was considered the best display of wealth brought about by the pleasure of hybrid ─ ─ was later accepted by the public entertainment And even a "health therapy", this time in the rich functional on the entertainment at last ceased to be an enviable "patent" and the rich started to try to create wealth with respect to the following two methods are often the most convenient Means, first, the purchase of title, such as Arkwright haircut apprentice (Dick Arkwright) as a result of the invention of the old textile machine rich, he spent a lot of money to buy title, so now is their own, Sir Richard (Sir Richard), occupy a place of nobility Among; second marriage, in 1909, the United States has 500 House rich heiress, in order to improve their family's reputation has been married to foreign countries with them married off is 200,000,000 U.S. dollars. One of the most well-known German who is the other special family and the Duke of Marlboro marriage, the marriage has spent about 10,000,000 U.S. dollars, and the marriage of "success" is also very successful: Germany where other special family to abandon their traditional bandit, Since then, their descendants have become the most prestigious upper class. This shows that despite the colorful world, but it is still, after all, Europe and the world have a blood relationship, the European community continues to play the traditional role of a person just can not have the money to create respect in the world than there is a simple virtue of wealth The letter received something of a higher honor.

Bolun from where the "Theory of the Leisure Class," a then not be able to free the rich and not squandered by the social satire. Bolun who himself won a great reputation of the community, but the irony is this reputation at home rather than an economist known for. Social activists and intellectuals who admired him and other economists are continuing inquiries he is not a socialist, said he still doubts about whether it is worth all seriously. But then the more people who realize that more research Bolun indeed the times he touched the center of the process, while at the same time period in the detection of economists, the various contradictions were exposed in particular the full process was surprisingly Been neglected, it can be said that only he, and only if he is different from other contemporary economist, a new pair of eyes to see the world, not to mention here, he's great contribution to the other side, only his leisure The portrait of class, for example, financial magnates of capitalism is that although the bandit king chilling, but close to true. His students ─ ─ another well-known economist Wei Silei Michel told his teacher made the following comment: "Where in the world to bring Bolun a confusing impact as he ─ ─ The visitors from another world to look aloof, dispassionate analysis of the current common thing, he usually familiar with the thinking in all, as in the external intriguing Make him a product of the same. In the field of social sciences No one other liberators of the mind, he would like to shake off the general environmentally delicate control, and to explore ideas in the field, we almost never find him as a person of the same perseverance. "

Bolun away from where the "Theory of the Leisure Class," published in the era of almost a century has passed, during which the United States has been the quality of the bourgeoisie itself has undergone tremendous change, resulting in a person's social status has been changing the standard now in the United States Anywhere, a simple show of wealth is no longer as in the past to obtain the respect of society. Modern politicians on the rich more than the special social status, according to official statistics, many of the rich are willing to spend a considerable number of money to play the role of small countries in the Ambassador, for social status. In addition, a person must be consistent with the dignity of music, art or combination of charity. In addition to the money of the rich, must be reached in certain areas related to success, otherwise we could not get the respect of society.